Nyaya is one of the structuring dynamics of Rk Veda. It highlights the DISTINGUISHING and DECIDING qualities involved in structuring Rk Veda. With reference to consciousness, Nyaya comprises the specific sets of laws of Nature that are engaged in promoting the quality of Rishi — the observer, the witnessing quality — within the Samhita level of consciousness, providing a structure to the eternally silent, self-referral, self-sufficient, fully awake state of consciousness, which is intimately personal to everyone. (complete table of qualities)

In the physiology, this distinguishing and deciding function is fulfilled by the thalamus. The thalamus relays sensory inputs to the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, as well as information about motor behaviour to the motor areas of the cortex.

It also mediates motor function by transmitting information from the cerebellum and basal ganglia to the motor regions of the frontal lobe — the primary motor cortex and higher order motor areas.

		— Prof. Tony Nader-Ram in Human Physiology: Expression of Veda and the Vedic Literature, pp. 122-137